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Study Overview

Title:: Pre-analysis Plan for Smallholder Agricultural Competitiveness Project (SACP), Bangladesh

Study is 3ie funded:: No

Study ID:: RIDIE-STUDY-ID-662beeb8aacd7

Initial Registration Date:: 04/26/2024

Last Update Date:: 01/08/2024

Study Status:: In Development

Location(s):: Bangladesh

Abstract:: This study will analyze the impact of an irrigation infrastructure rehabilitation program in coastal regions of Bangladesh. The project constructs and rehabilitates dykes, canals, and buried pipe systems to enhance the food security and agricultural diversification of smallscale farmers in the region. We will use inverse-probability-weighted-regression-adjustment (IPWRA) approach to estimate the impacts of dykes, canals, and buried pipes on farm-level agricultural diversification and household food security.

Registration Citation:

Categories:: Agriculture and Rural Development
Environment and Disaster Management

Additional Keywords:: Water Infrastructures, Agricultural Diversification

Secondary ID Number(s):

Principal Investigator(s)

Name of First PI:: Haseeb Ahmed

Affiliation:: FAO

Name of Second PI:: Silvio Daidone

Affiliation:: FAO

Study Sponsor

Name:: SACP Project Bangladesh

Study Sponsor Location:: Bangladesh

Research Partner

Name of Partner Institution:: FAO

Type of Organization:: Other

Location:: Italy

Intervention

Intervention Overview

Intervention:

Key interventions of the SACP project in Bangladesh that are empirically tested in this study are:

1. Construction of dykes

2. Rehabilitation and construction of buried pipes.

3. Rehabilitation and constructions of canals.

Theory of Change:

This evaluation concerns three key water infrastructures built or rehabilitated by SACP. These infrastructures are:

Dykes along the rivers
Buried pipes
Canal rehabilitation and construction

Here an important distinction needs to be made between dykes and the rest of the water infrastructures. On the one hand, dykes protect the cropland from tidal waves and floods. By reducing flood risk, they allow for investment in agricultural production. On the other hand, buried pipes and canals increase the availability of water, especially during the Rabi season when rainfall precipitations decrease, thus allowing farmers to invest in agriculture. The hypotheses related to this evaluation are described below:

Hypotheses Regarding Crop Dykes

H1: Households protected from dykes will have greater overall resilience (measured through household food security).

H2: Households protected from dykes will face less flood risk.

H2: Farm production, land-used for agriculture, and investment in HVCs for beneficiary households will be higher because of enhancement in flood protection.

Hypotheses Regarding Canals & Buried Pipes

H1: Beneficiary households will have greater resilience and food security.

H2: Greater water availability, especially in the drier Rabi season, will allow for greater agricultural land use especially in Rabi season for beneficiary households as compared to the comparison group.

H3: Beneficiary households will have greater water availability, which will allow for agricultural diversification, high-value crop production, and increased farm production.

H4: Beneficiary households will have greater input use in terms of fertilizers and pesticides as they practice high-value agriculture.

Multiple Treatment Arms Evaluated?: Yes

Implementing Agency

Name of Organization:: BADC

Type of Organization:: Public Sector, e.g. Government Agency or Ministry

Program Funder

Name of Organization:: IFAD

Type of Organization:: Foreign or Multilateral Aid Agency

Intervention Timing

Intervention or Program Started at time of Registration?: Yes

Start Date:: 02/01/2019

End Date:: 07/31/2024

Evaluation Method

Evaluation Method Overview

Primary (or First) Evaluation Method:: Matching

Other (not Listed) Method:

Additional Evaluation Method (If Any):: Difference in difference/fixed effects

Other (not Listed) Method:

Method Details

Details of Evaluation Approach:: This is essentially an ex-post evaluation based on cross-sectional comparisons between treatments and control groups.

Outcomes (Endpoints):

Key Outcome Measures for the Dykes Evaluation

Food Security (FIES) – corresponding to H1.
Self-reported flood shocks – corresponding to H2.
Land under cultivation – corresponding to H3.
Number of HVCs produced - corresponding to H3.
Revenue per decimal - corresponding to H3.

Key Outcome Measures for the Canals and Buried Pipe Evaluation

Food Security (FIES) – corresponding to H1.
Land under cultivation – corresponding to H2.
Number HVCs produced - corresponding to H3.
Simpson’s index of agricultural diversification – corresponding to H3
Revenue per decimal - corresponding to H3.
Expenditure on agricultural inputs – corresponding to H4.

Unit of Analysis:: Household

Hypotheses:

2.1 Hypotheses Regarding Crop Dykes

H1: Households protected from dykes will have greater overall resilience (measured through household food security).

H2: Households protected from dykes will face less flood risk.

H2: Farm production, land-used for agriculture, and investment in HVCs for beneficiary households will be higher because of enhancement in flood protection.

2.2 Hypotheses Regarding Canals & Buried Pipes

H1: Beneficiary households will have greater resilience and food security.

H3: Beneficiary households will have greater water availability, which will allow for agricultural diversification, high-value crop production, and increased farm production.

H4: Beneficiary households will have greater input use in terms of fertilizers and pesticides as they practice high-value agriculture.

Unit of Intervention or Assignment:: Assignment of Canals and Buried pipes is through Water User Groups, but assignment of dykes is at the household level. That is, whether or not a household is protected by a dyke or not.

Number of Clusters in Sample:: 120 clusters for canals and buried pipes evaluation

Number of Individuals in Sample:: 20

Size of Treatment, Control, or Comparison Subsamples:: Comparison (760), Canal Treatment (760), Buried Pipe Treatment (760). For the dykes part, 300 treatment households and about 600 control households.

Supplementary Files

Analysis Plan:: PAP_SACP_Bangladesh_27.12.23.docx

Other Documents:

Data

Outcomes Data

Description:: Household survey data

Data Already Collected?: Yes

Data Previously Used?: No

Data Access:: Restricted -- Access requires a formal approval process

Data Obtained by the Study Researchers?

Data Approval Process:: Send the request to the investigators. This request will be forwarded to FAO Bangladesh that own this data set.

Approval Status:: Yes-obtained approval and have received the data

Treatment Assignment Data

Participation or Assignment Information:: Yes

Description:

Data Obtained by the Study Researchers?

Data Previously Used?

Data Access:

Data Obtained by the Study Researchers?

Data Approval Process:

Approval Status:

Data Analysis

Data Analysis Status:: No

Study Materials

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Registration Category

Registration Category:: Prospective, Category 3: Data for measuring impacts have been obtained/collected by the research team but analysis for this evaluation has not started

Completion

Completion Overview

Intervention Completion Date:

Data Collection Completion Date:

Unit of Analysis:

Clusters in Final Sample:

Total Observations in Final Sample:

Size of Treatment, Control, or Comparison Subsamples:

Findings

Preliminary Report:

Preliminary Report URL:

Summary of Findings:

Paper:

Paper Summary:

Paper Citation:

Data Availability

Data Availability (Primary Data):

Date of Data Availability:

Data URL or Contact:

Access procedure:

Other Materials

Survey:

Survey Instrument Links or Contact:

Program Files:

Program Files Links or Contact:

External Link:

External Link Description:

Description of Changes:

Study Stopped

Date:

Reason: